Digital Textbook

Fundamentals of Physics

From the falling apple to the Big Bang — a complete, chapter-by-chapter course in classical and modern physics

Prof. Mithun Mondal Calculus-Based Introductory Physics Free & Open Access

5Parts

44Chapters

∞Worked Ideas

Welcome

One book, built one chapter at a time

This is a living, web-native edition of a classic introductory physics course. Each of the 44 chapters lives on its own page — readable on any device, searchable, and free to share. The journey starts with how we measure the world and ends with quarks, leptons, and the origin of the universe.

Pick any chapter below to begin, or follow the five parts in order for a complete first course in physics.

How to use this book. Each part groups chapters by theme. Click a chapter card to open its dedicated page with concepts, equations, worked reasoning, and figures.

Part 1

Mechanics

Motion · Force · Energy · Momentum · Rotation

01Measurement 02Motion Along a Straight Line 03Vectors 04Motion in Two and Three Dimensions 05Force and Motion — I 06Force and Motion — II 07Kinetic Energy and Work 08Potential Energy and Conservation of Energy 09Center of Mass and Linear Momentum 10Rotation 11Rolling, Torque, and Angular Momentum

Part 2

Waves & Thermodynamics

Elasticity · Gravity · Fluids · Oscillations · Heat · Entropy

12Equilibrium and Elasticity 13Gravitation 14Fluids 15Oscillations 16Waves — I 17Waves — II 18Temperature, Heat, and the First Law of Thermodynamics 19The Kinetic Theory of Gases 20Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics

Part 3

Electromagnetism

Charge · Fields · Potential · Circuits · Magnetism · Induction

21Electric Charge 22Electric Fields 23Gauss' Law 24Electric Potential 25Capacitance 26Current and Resistance 27Circuits 28Magnetic Fields 29Magnetic Fields Due to Currents 30Induction and Inductance 31Electromagnetic Oscillations and Alternating Current 32Maxwell's Equations; Magnetism of Matter

Part 4

Optics & Relativity

Light · Images · Interference · Diffraction · Spacetime

33Electromagnetic Waves 34Images 35Interference 36Diffraction 37Relativity

Part 5

Modern Physics

Quanta · Atoms · Solids · Nuclei · Cosmology

38Photons and Matter Waves 39More About Matter Waves 40All About Atoms 41Conduction of Electricity in Solids 42Nuclear Physics 43Energy from the Nucleus 44Quarks, Leptons, and the Big Bang

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Start Here

Begin with Chapter 1 — Measurement

Every quantity in physics rests on a unit and a number. The first chapter shows how the SI system anchors the entire course. Open Chapter 1 →