Digital Textbook

Electric Power Systems

Name: Electric Power Systems
Author: Prof. Mithun Mondal

From a single transmission line to the protection and control of a national grid — a complete, chapter-by-chapter course in power system analysis

Prof. Mithun Mondal EEE Undergraduate & GATE Course Free & Open Access

8Parts

39Chapters

234Worked Examples

Welcome

One grid, built one chapter at a time

This is a living, web-native edition of a full first course in Electric Power Systems. Each of the 39 chapters lives on its own page — readable on any device, searchable, and free to share. The book starts with why a grid exists at all and ends with the protection, converters and power-quality problems of a network carrying large amounts of wind and solar.

The sequence follows the standard electrical engineering undergraduate syllabus and the GATE EE syllabus, building from three-phase power and the per-unit system through transmission line parameters and performance, network modelling and load flow, fault analysis by symmetrical components, transient stability, economic operation and frequency and voltage control, and finally switchgear, relaying, HVDC and FACTS. Pick any chapter below, or follow the eight parts in order.

How to use this book. The eight parts move outward from a single conductor to the whole system: first what a power system is and how we normalise it, then the electrical parameters of a line and how a line performs, then how a whole network is modelled and solved, how it behaves when a fault strikes, whether it stays in step afterwards, how it is operated economically and held at the right frequency and voltage, and finally how it is protected and how modern converters and renewables change it. A single 220 kV, 200 km reference line runs through Part 3, and one three-bus case study runs through Parts 4 and 5, so the numbers connect from chapter to chapter.

Part 1

The Power System

Why a Grid · Generation, Transmission & Distribution · Three-Phase Power · Per-Unit

01Introduction to Electric Power Systems 02Structure of Generation, Transmission and Distribution 03Three-Phase Power and the Single-Line Diagram 04The Per-Unit System and Impedance Diagrams

Part 2

Transmission Line Parameters

Conductors & Construction · Inductance · Capacitance · Bundling · Cables

05Overhead Line Construction and Conductors 06Inductance of Transmission Lines 07Capacitance of Transmission Lines 08Bundled Conductors 09Underground Cables

Part 3

Line Performance

Short · Medium · Long Lines · Regulation & Efficiency · Ferranti & SIL · Corona

10Short Transmission Lines 11Medium Transmission Lines 12Long Lines and the Wave Equation 13Line Performance: Regulation and Efficiency 14Ferranti Effect, Surge Impedance Loading and Tuned Lines 15Corona and Radio Interference

Part 4

Network Modelling & Load Flow

Y-Bus · Z-Bus · The Load-Flow Problem · Gauss–Seidel · Newton–Raphson

16The Bus Admittance Matrix 17The Bus Impedance Matrix and Building Algorithm 18The Load Flow Problem and Bus Classification 19Gauss-Seidel Load Flow 20Newton-Raphson and Fast Decoupled Load Flow

Part 5

Fault Analysis

Symmetrical Faults · Symmetrical Components · Sequence Networks · Unsymmetrical Faults · Breaker Ratings

21Symmetrical Faults and Short-Circuit Transients 22Symmetrical Components 23Sequence Impedances and Sequence Networks 24Unsymmetrical Faults 25Fault Current Computation and Breaker Ratings

Part 6

Power System Stability

Machine Dynamics · The Swing Equation · Steady-State & Transient Stability · Equal-Area Criterion

26Synchronous Machine Dynamics and the Power-Angle Equation 27The Swing Equation 28Steady-State and Transient Stability 29The Equal-Area Criterion and Critical Clearing

Part 7

Operation, Control & Economics

Loads & Tariffs · Economic Dispatch · Unit Commitment · Load-Frequency Control · Voltage & VAr Control

30Load Characteristics, Tariffs and Power Factor Improvement 31Economic Load Dispatch 32Unit Commitment 33Load Frequency Control and Automatic Generation Control 34Voltage and Reactive Power Control

Part 8

Protection & the Modern Grid

Circuit Breakers · Protective Relaying · Substations & Insulation · HVDC & FACTS · Power Quality

35Switchgear and Circuit Breakers 36Protective Relaying 37Substation Layout, Earthing and Insulation Coordination 38HVDC Transmission and FACTS 39Power Quality and Renewable Integration

⚡

Start Here

Begin with Chapter 1 — Introduction to Electric Power Systems

A power system exists because electrical energy cannot be stored cheaply in bulk: generation must match demand at every instant, across a continent, through a network nobody can switch off. The first chapter sets out that problem and the vocabulary — generation, transmission, distribution, load — and the per-unit arithmetic every later chapter leans on. Open Chapter 1 →