Zener Diode as Voltage Regulator

Zener Effect vs. Avalanche Effect

Temperature Coefficients in Zener Diodes

Problem-2

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\[V_{TH}=\frac{1 \mathrm{k}\Omega}{270 \Omega + 1 \mathrm{k}\Omega}(18 \mathrm{V})=14.2 \mathrm{V}\]

Problem-3

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\[\begin{aligned} I_{S}&=\frac{(18-10)\:\mathrm{V}}{270\:\Omega}=29.6\:\mathrm{mA}\\ I_{L}&=\frac{10\:\mathrm{V}}{1\:\mathrm{k}\Omega}=10\:\mathrm{mA}\\ I_{Z}&=29.6\:\mathrm{mA}-10\:\mathrm{mA}=19.6\:\mathrm{mA}\\ \end{aligned}\]

Problem-4

Problem-5

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Problem-6