Engineering Constants Handbook

Speed of light in vacuum: \(c = 299\,792\,458 \, \text{m/s}\) (exact)

Planck constant: \(h = 6.626\,070\,15 \times 10^{-34} \, \text{J}\cdot\text{s}\) (exact)

Reduced Planck constant: \(\hbar = h/2\pi = 1.054\,571\,817 \times 10^{-34} \, \text{J}\cdot\text{s}\) (exact)

Gravitational constant: \(G = 6.674\,30(15) \times 10^{-11} \, \text{m}^3\,\text{kg}^{-1}\,\text{s}^{-2}\)

Avogadro constant: \(N_A = 6.022\,140\,76 \times 10^{23} \, \text{mol}^{-1}\) (exact)

Boltzmann constant: \(k_B = 1.380\,649 \times 10^{-23} \, \text{J/K}\) (exact)

Stefan-Boltzmann constant: \(\sigma = 5.670\,374\,419 \times 10^{-8} \, \text{W}\,\text{m}^{-2}\,\text{K}^{-4}\)

Elementary charge: \(e = 1.602\,176\,634 \times 10^{-19} \, \text{C}\) (exact)

Magnetic flux quantum: \(\Phi_0 = h/2e = 2.067\,833\,848 \times 10^{-15} \, \text{Wb}\)

Vacuum permittivity: \(\varepsilon_0 = 8.854\,187\,8128(13) \times 10^{-12} \, \text{F/m}\)

Vacuum permeability: \(\mu_0 = 4\pi \times 10^{-7} \, \text{H/m} \approx 1.256\,637\,062\,12 \times 10^{-6} \, \text{H/m}\) (exact)

Characteristic impedance of vacuum: \(Z_0 = \sqrt{\mu_0/\varepsilon_0} \approx 376.730\,313\,668 \, \Omega\)

Josephson constant: \(K_J = 2e/h = 483\,597.848\,4 \times 10^9 \, \text{Hz/V}\)

von Klitzing constant: \(R_K = h/e^2 = 25\,812.807\,45 \, \Omega\)

Conductance quantum: \(G_0 = 2e^2/h = 7.748\,091\,729 \times 10^{-5} \, \text{S}\)

Bohr magneton: \(\mu_B = e\hbar/2m_e = 9.274\,010\,0783(28) \times 10^{-24} \, \text{J/T}\)

Nuclear magneton: \(\mu_N = e\hbar/2m_p = 5.050\,783\,7461(15) \times 10^{-27} \, \text{J/T}\)

Electron mass: \(m_e = 9.109\,383\,7015(28) \times 10^{-31} \, \text{kg}\)

Proton mass: \(m_p = 1.672\,621\,923\,69(51) \times 10^{-27} \, \text{kg}\)

Neutron mass: \(m_n = 1.674\,927\,498\,04(95) \times 10^{-27} \, \text{kg}\)

Rydberg constant: \(R_\infty = 10\,973\,731.568\,160(21) \, \text{m}^{-1}\)

Fine-structure constant: \(\alpha = e^2/4\pi\varepsilon_0\hbar c \approx 1/137.035\,999\,084(21)\)

Hartree energy: \(E_h = 4.359\,744\,722\,2071(85) \times 10^{-18} \, \text{J}\)

Electron charge-to-mass ratio: \(e/m_e = 1.758\,820 \times 10^{11} \, \text{C/kg}\)

Molar gas constant: \(R = N_A k_B = 8.314\,462\,618 \, \text{J}\,\text{mol}^{-1}\,\text{K}^{-1}\) (exact)

Standard atmosphere: \(1 \, \text{atm} = 101\,325 \, \text{Pa}\) (exact)

Standard temperature and pressure (STP): \(0^\circ\text{C} = 273.15 \, \text{K}, 1 \, \text{atm}\)

Molar volume of ideal gas at STP: \(V_m = 22.414\, \text{L/mol}\)

Faraday constant: \(F = N_A e = 96\,485.332\,12 \, \text{C/mol}\)

First radiation constant: \(c_1 = 2\pi h c^2 = 3.741\,771\,852 \times 10^{-16} \, \text{W}\,\text{m}^2\)

Silicon lattice constant: \(a_{\text{Si}} = 543.102\, \text{pm}\)

Silicon bandgap (300K): \(E_g = 1.12 \, \text{eV}\)

Germanium bandgap (300K): \(E_g = 0.66 \, \text{eV}\)

Gallium Arsenide bandgap (300K): \(E_g = 1.42 \, \text{eV}\)

Intrinsic carrier concentration (Si, 300K): \(n_i \approx 1.5 \times 10^{10} \, \text{cm}^{-3}\)

Thermal voltage (300K): \(V_T = k_B T / e \approx 25.85 \, \text{mV}\)

Electron volt: \(1 \, \text{eV} = 1.602\,176\,634 \times 10^{-19} \, \text{J}\) (exact)

Atomic mass unit: \(1 \, \text{u} = 1.660\,539\,066\,60(50) \times 10^{-27} \, \text{kg}\)

Astronomical unit: \(1 \, \text{AU} = 149\,597\,870\,700 \, \text{m}\) (exact)

Light year: \(1 \, \text{ly} = 9.460\,730\,472\,580\,8 \times 10^{15} \, \text{m}\)

Parsec: \(1 \, \text{pc} \approx 3.085\,677\,581 \times 10^{16} \, \text{m}\)

Standard gravity: \(g_n = 9.806\,65 \, \text{m/s}^2\) (exact)